hospital equipment online is a valuable product with high cost-performance ratio. With regard to raw materials selection, we carefully select the materials with high quality and favorable price offered by our reliable partners. During the production process, our professional staff concentrate on production to achieve zero defects. And, it will go through quality tests performed by our QC team before launched to the market.
Made of the well-selected raw materials from our reliable long-term suppliers, our hospital furniture manufacturer is of superior quality assurance. Produced by our sophisticated craftsmanship, the product has the advantages of good durability and high economic value, as well as scientific design. By utilizing state-of-the-art production concepts and technologies, we have successfully saved manpower and resources through rational planning, therefore, it is also very competitive in its price.
Through qtjadx3f, we fulfill our customers' needs with defect-free hospital equipment online and related services on time and every time. We are a value-providing specialty company, which ensures compatibility with our customers' unique requirements.
At the same time, portable medical equipment can monitor vital signs before sending patients to the hospital, make the heart pacing again, and use ultrasound to check the internal situation of the body. Its goal is to contribute to the development of easy-to-use and interoperable home medical devices, and provide diagnostic data so that patients can obtain insurance compensation, etc
Let's analyze the mechanism and characteristics of portable medical devices, peel them layer by layer, and slowly "sting" our eyes
Block diagram of portable medical equipment:
Jn5148 - ultra low power consumption, high performance 32-bit MCU combined with IEEE802.15.4 compliant transceiver, supporting ZigBee & Jennet
For low-power wireless network applications, it has an enhanced 32-bit RISC processor to achieve high coding efficiency through variable width instructions; A multi-level instruction pipeline realizes low-power operation through programmable clock speed and various sleep modes. The device includes 128 KB ROM, 128 KB ram and various combinations of analog and digital peripherals. At the same time, the working current is less than 18 Ma, allowing it to work directly through the button battery... It is also extremely suitable for ZigBee Pro Network and intelligent metering
Advantages and features:
1. First class radio current consumption and a wide range of user peripherals
2. Adopt multi-functional 32-bit RISC CPU to realize high performance and low power consumption, and can run applications and ZigBee pro at the same time
3. The system BOM has few components, low cost and very low current, which can realize the solution of ultra long battery life
It can compensate for various changes, such as the change of humidity or pollution degree on the electrode. At the same time, it can detect the change of capacitance on the remote sensing board, so as to realize close operation without contact.
Pca8885ts - 8-channel capacitive touch and proximity sensor with automatic calibration and very low power consumption.
An 8-channel capacitive touch and proximity sensor detects capacitance changes on the remote sensing panel using the patented (edisen) method. The change of static capacitance is automatically compensated by continuous automatic calibration. The remote sensing panel can be connected to the IC through coaxial cable. 8 input channels work independently of each other. The sensors can also be arranged in a matrix through built-in options: interruption occurs only when two channels are activated at the same time, so as to prevent redundant channel output when both channels have been activated
Advantages and features:
1. Support matrix array sensor and remote connection of sensing plate
2. Adjustable response time and sensitivity (continuous automatic calibration, digital processing method, can be used with plexiglass with a maximum thickness of 6 mm)
3. Direct and latch switch mode, I C ultra fast mode (FM ) compatible interface
Pcf85063a - micro encapsulated real-time clock / calendar with alarm function and SPI bus
A CMOS real-time clock (RTC) and calendar, most suitable for low-power applications. The offset register allows fine adjustment of the clock. All addresses and data can be bi-directional I through two lines C bus serial transmission. The maximum data rate is 400 kbit / s. The register address will be automatically incremented after each write or read of data bytes... It is also suitable for various digital products and mobile devices
Advantages and features:
1. 400 kHz double line I Programmable clock output of C bus interface and peripheral devices
2. Alarm function, countdown timer, minute and half minute interrupt
3. Internal power on reset (POR), programmable offset register for frequency adjustment
Accurate and reliable, long-term stability, positive temperature coefficient and fault protection characteristics
PCT2075-I C bus FM , accuracy 1 , digital temperature sensor and temperature monitor
The accuracy is 1 C in the temperature range of 25 C to 100 C. Provide over temperature detection output and integrate a series of data registers: configuration register for memory device setting; A temperature register for storing digital temperature readings; Set point register for storing programmable over temperature shutdown and hysteresis limits and programmable temperature sensor sampling time tidle, which can be accessed through two-wire serial I The bus ultra fast mode (FM ) interface communicates with the controller
Advantages and features:
1. 1 MHz ultra fast mode (FM ) 30 Ma SDA driver can connect more devices on one bus, and is downward compatible with fast mode and standard mode
2. It has programmable temperature threshold and hysteresis set point during operation, and the power supply current is less than 1.0 in off mode A. It can save electric energy
3. When powered on, it can be used alone as a thermostat, an 11 bit ADC with a temperature resolution of 0.125 C
Pca6408a - low voltage, 8-bit I with interrupt output, reset and configuration registers C bus and SMBus I / O extender
Pass I C bus interface provides remote I / O expansion for most microcontroller series. When additional I / O is required while minimizing interconnection, NXP I / O expander provides a simple solution and has built-in level switching function, which makes these devices extremely flexible in a mixed signal environment where incompatible I / O voltages need to communicate
Advantages and features:
1. The latch output has a maximum driving capacity of 25 mA, which is used to directly drive the LED
2. Schmidt trigger operation allows slow input transition on SCL and SDA inputs and brings better switching noise immunity
3. When powered on, make all channels configured as input without pulse interference
Tfa9881uk - 3.4 w PDM input class D audio amplifier
Using 9 bumps WLCSP (wafer level chip package), with 400 M to receive audio and control settings through this interface. The dedicated silent mode is used to configure the control settings of the device, turn off the transition to the working mode, and trigger when the clock signal is detected... It is also extremely suitable for portable navigation devices, mobile phones and computers
Advantages and features:
1. The second-order closed-loop structure provides excellent audio performance and high supply voltage ripple suppression
2. It can completely prevent short circuit at both ends of the load and short circuit with the power line
3. Current limit that can avoid sound leakage, thermal protection function, undervoltage and overvoltage protection
2n7002bk - 60 V, 350 Ma n-channel trench MOSFET
N-channel enhanced field effect transistor (FET) is packaged with small SOT23 (to-236ab) surface mount device (SMD) with MOSFET technology. It has ESD protection up to 2 kV, compatible logic level and very fast switching. At the same time, it is especially suitable for: high-speed line driver and on-off circuit
Discrete semiconductor, DC / DC converter, LDOS
Ip3319cx6 - single channel common mode filter with integrated ESD protection network
Logic gate, data selector, GPIO, analog switch, LED controller, LCD driver, LED diode
Bza408b - Quadruple bidirectional ESD transient voltage suppressor
Today, many consumer medical devices simply display health monitoring results, leaving interpretation and recording to end users and their doctors. The new equipment can automatically record and transmit results through network connection.
At the same time, medical devices that help consumers have the following characteristics: simple and easy to use, highly reliable, safe, convenient connection, low power consumption (long battery life), support for a variety of voltages (especially low voltage), high measurement accuracy, small size, high cost performance
With so many advantages, so broad prospects and so practical performance, I believe no one can resist the naked Temptation
Do not forget the original heart, we can always... If you have thoughts, there will be repercussions
CNAs is a member of ILAC and APLAC. The approval of the CNAs expansion fully affirmed the testing service technical ability of DEKRA Dekai Guangzhou Medical Laboratory, and improved the international mutual recognition of DEKRA Dekai Guangzhou Medical Laboratory. As an inspection, testing and certification institution with two notified bodies of EU medical directives (0344 in the Netherlands and 0124 in Germany), DEKRA Dekai can provide better and convenient services for the export trade of medical device enterprises.
CNAs accreditation scope of the laboratory
Include (but not limited to) the following medical equipment
General requirements for safety of medical electrical equipment IEC 60601-12012 a2:2020,
EN 60601-12013A12:2014,
ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1,
CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 60601-1:14,
Electromagnetic compatibility of medical electrical equipment
IEC 60601-1-22020,
EN 60601-1-2:2015,
BS EN 60601-1-2:2015
Availability of me equipment
IEC 60601-1-62013A2:2020,
EN 60601-1-62015,
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60601-1-6A:11,
IEC 62366-12020,
EN 62366-12020,
CSA IEC 62366-1:15 (R2020),
ANSI/AAMI/IEC 62366-1: 2015A1:2020,
YY/T 1474-2016
Medical electrical equipment alarm system
IEC 60601-1-82012,
EN 60601-1-82013,
ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-1-82012,
CAN/CSAC22.2 No.60601-1-8-08A1:2014,
YY 0709-2009
Environmental awareness and design of medical electrical equipment
IEC 60601-1-92013A2:2020,
EN 60601-1-92013,
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 60601-1-9:15
Physiological closed loop controller system for medical electrical equipment
IEC 60601-1-102013A2:2020,
EN 60601-1-102015,
CSA C22.2 No. 60601-1-10A:09 (R2020)
Medical electrical equipment household environment
IEC 60601-1-112020,
EN 60601-1-11:2015,
ANSI/AAMI HA60601-1-11:2015,
CSA-C22.2 No.60601-1-11:15
Medical electrical equipment emergency medical service environment
IEC 60601-1-122020,
EN 60601-1-122020,
ANSI/AAMI/IEC 60601-1-12:2016,
CSA-C22.2 No.60601-1-12:15(R2020)
nerve & muscle stimulator
IEC 60601-2-102016,
EN 60601-2-102016,
CAN/CSAC22.2 No.60601-2-102018
Endoscopic equipment
IEC 60601-2-18:2009,
EN60601-2-18:2015,
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.60601-2-18:11
Automatic noninvasive sphygmomanometer
IEC 80601-2-30:2018,
EN IEC 80601-2-30:2019,
ANSI/AAMI/IEC 80601-2-30:2018,
CSA C22.2 No. 80601-2-30:19
Ultrasonic diagnosis and monitoring equipment
IEC 60601-2-372015,
EN 60601-2-372015,
CSA-C22.2 No. 60601-2-372019,
GB 9706.237-2020
Operating lamp and diagnostic lamp
IEC 60601-2-412013,
EN 60601-2-412011A1:2015
Multifunctional patient monitoring equipment
IEC 80601-2-49:2018,
EN IEC 80601-2-49:2019
Clinical thermometer
ISO 80601-2-562018,
EN ISO 80601-2-562020
Temperature screening equipment
IEC 80601-2-59:2017,
EN IEC 80601-2-59:2019,
CSA C22.2 No. 80601-2-59:10
Dental equipment
IEC 80601-2-60:2019,
EN IEC 80601-2-60:2020,
CSA C22.2 No. 80601-2-60:14
oxygenerator
ISO 80601-2-69:2014,
ISO 80601-2-69:2020,
EN ISO 80601-2-69:2014,
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.80601-2-69:16
Rehabilitation robot
IEC 80601-2-78:2019,
EN IEC 80601-2-78:2020,
ANSI/AAMI/IEC 80601-2-78:2020,
CSA C22.2 No. 80601-2-78:19
Household phototherapy equipment IEC 60601-2-83:2019, en IEC 60601-2-83:2020 safety requirements for laboratory and in vitro diagnostic (IVD) equipment
IEC/EN 61010-1,
IEC/EN/CSA/UL 61010-2-010,
IEC/CSA 61010-2-051,
IEC/EN/CSA/UL 61010-2-081,
IEC/EN/CSA/UL 61010-2-101
Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for laboratory and in vitro diagnostic (IVD) equipment
IEC 61326-1:2012/EN 61326-1: 2013,
BS EN 61326-1:2013,
IEC 61326-1:2020,
IEC 61326-2-6:2012/EN 61326-2-6: 2013,
IEC 61326-2-6:2020,
BS EN 61326-2-6:2013
Why
DEKRA Dekai medical device service
Extensive testing services include electrical safety, performance, electromagnetic compatibility, wireless connection, functional safety, network security (IEC 62443-4-1 / 4-2, IEC 80001, UL 2900-2-1 and IEC / TR 60601-4-5), chemistry (RoHS / reach), etc. A wide range of certification services include Ce (MDR, IVDD and ivdr) certification (two bulletin bodies: Netherlands 0344 and Germany 0124), CB certification, Inmetro certification, NRTL certification, QMS quality system (ISO 1348, mdsap, TCP), etc. The qualification scope of MDR covers class III medical devices, and the qualification scope of ivdr covers class D in vitro diagnostic devices.
About DEKRA Dekai
DEKRA Dekai has been committed to safety for nearly 100 years. The German motor vehicle supervision Association, established in Berlin, Germany in 1925, is now a world-famous third-party professional testing and certification organization. In 2020, DEKRA Dekai's total business volume reached about 3.2 billion euros. Its business covers more than 60 countries and regions on six continents in the world, and more than 47000 employees are committed to providing independent expert services for safety on the road, at work and at home. These services include: vehicle inspection, claim settlement and expert evaluation, product testing, industrial inspection, consulting, audit, training and temporary employment. In 2025, DEKRA Dekai will celebrate its 100th anniversary. Its vision is to "become a global partner in a safe, reliable and sustainable world.
Application of DICOM standard in portable medical equipment1 IntroductionRadio frequency refers to the electromagnetic wave with a certain wavelength that can be used for radio communication. Radio frequency identification technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology rising in the 1990s. It uses the transmission characteristics of radio frequency signal and spatial coupling (inductive or electromagnetic coupling) or radar reflection to realize the automatic identification of the identified object. However, at present, there are still many bottlenecks in the development of RFID, and the low data reading rate is one of the main bottlenecks.
This paper will analyze the RFID system by introducing the basic composition and working principle of the RFID system. Combined with the problems encountered in the practical application of RFID system and the reasons for the low reading rate of the system due to the blind area in the reading range of readers, redundant data in different reading points, mutual interference of readers and other factors, this paper puts forward from the following aspects: reasonably optimizing the hardware configuration, perfecting the software design Play the role of middleware and integrate other technologies to improve the data reading rate of RFID system.
2. Basic composition of RFID systemRFID system at least consists of electronic tag (e-tag / transponder, also known as smart tag) and reader (reader / interleaver, also known as reader / writer).Electronic tag is the data carrier of RFID system. Electronic tag is composed of tag antenna and tag special chip. Electronic tags are divided into active tag, passive tag and semi passive tag according to different power supply modes; It can be divided into low-frequency electronic tag, high-frequency electronic tag, UHF electronic tag and microwave electronic tag according to different frequencies; It is divided into * label, linear label, paper label, glass tube label, circular label and special-purpose special-shaped label according to different packaging forms; According to their different working modes, they are divided into active tags and passive tags.
Reader is a device used to read or write electronic tag information. It can be designed into many kinds of products according to specific use environment and requirements. The reader communicates with the electronic tag wirelessly through the antenna, which can read or write the electronic tag identification code and memory data.A typical reader consists of a high frequency module (transmitter and receiver), a control unit, and a reader antenna. Of course, RFID system needs the support of computer and other hardware equipment and software in practical application. Figure 1 shows the composition of a typical RFID system.3 basic model of RFID system
The basic model of RFID system is shown in Figure 2. As the radio frequency carrier, the electronic tag and the reader realize the spatial (contactless) coupling of the radio frequency signal through the coupling element. In the coupling channel, the energy transmission and data exchange are realized according to the timing relationship.Discussion on reading rate of RFID systemThrough the introduction of RFID system, we believe that the main reasons for the low reading rate of RFID system are: there are blind areas in the reading range of readers, redundant data in different reading points, mutual interference of readers, etc. In view of the above problems, we discuss them from the following four aspects.
4.1 reasonably optimize hardware configurationIn terms of hardware, we must first clarify a problem. That's what you really need. Don't blindly think that "the price is expensive, the larger the reading range and the higher the frequency, the better". It is the so-called "tailor-made" that "what suits you" is the best. Based on this understanding, you can choose hardware devices that meet the actual needs.
At the same time, consider all RFID tags and readers as a complete "data network", so as to reasonably optimize the hardware configuration, so as to maximize the efficiency of the whole system. Taking the access control system as an example, in order to prevent the blind area in the reading range of the reader, resulting in missing reading, the number of readers or antennas can be increased to compensate for the defect of blind area in the reading range of the reader; In order to prevent mutual interference between readers, the method of relatively isolating readers or antennas in space can be adopted to avoid mutual interference. In addition, according to the actual needs, the data reading rate of RFID system can also be improved by properly adjusting the antenna layout and antenna transmission power.
4.2 improve software designAt present, the hardware facilities of the optimized RFID system can basically meet the needs of data reading rate. With the decline of reader price, end users can easily deploy a large number of readers in their application sites, which not only solves the problem of missing reading, but also obtains more useful information from these systems. But the new problem is: redundant data reading or cross data reading. A simple description of this problem is that "a tag that should not be read in a certain position is read by a reader that should not read this tag".The core of LV positioning logic is based on "picking out the required readout data from the spatial location and filtering out the unnecessary readout data". The result is that the correct and accurate tag position is extracted from the results obtained by all RFID readers. In short, LV positioning logic is a software algorithm based on eliminating "redundant" readout data according to the data set resident in the whole reader system. Colorwave algorithm gives a good solution to the conflict between multiple readers due to overlapping work ranges.
For electronic tag collision, in the high frequency band, the classical ALOHA protocol is generally used as the tag anti-collision algorithm. The tag of ALOHA protocol is used to avoid conflict by selecting the method of transmitting information to the reader after a random time; In UHF band, tree bifurcation algorithm is mainly used to avoid conflict. In addition, other optimization settings can be made for the software. For example, in the e-ticket system, the scanning time interval of the reader can be designed by software to adaptively adjust the scanning time. In case of large traffic, the scanning frequency of the reader can be accelerated through software control to prevent missing reading; In the case of less traffic, the scanning frequency can be relatively reduced, so as to avoid the emergence of redundant data.
4.3 play the role of MiddlewareRFID middleware is the nerve center in various RFID industrial applications. RFID middleware is a message oriented middleware (MOM). Information is transmitted from one program to another or more programs in the form of messages. RFID middleware plays an intermediary role between RFID tags and applications. From the application side, it uses a set of general application program interfaces (APIs) provided by the middleware, that is, it can connect to the reader and read tag data.Therefore, even if the database software or back-end application program storing RFID tag information is added or replaced by other software, or even the type of RFID reader is increased, the application end does not need to be modified. This not only effectively solves the problem of data reading rate, but also saves other problems such as the maintenance complexity of many to many connections. RFID middleware will have very good development prospects in service-oriented architecture (SOA) and business information security applications in the future.
4.4 integration of other technologiesIntegration with sensor technologyIn the next few years, an important application trend of RFID is the equipment that combines RFID with sensors (such as sensors for measuring temperature and pressure). At present, it has been implemented abroad. Because RFID has poor anti-interference and the effective distance is generally less than 10m, its application is limited. Combining WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) with RFID and using the effective radius of the former up to 100m to form wsid network will greatly make up for the shortcomings of RFID system itself.
Integration with WiMAX, 3G, GPS and other communication technologiesWiMax (global interoperability for microwave access) is simply defined as a wireless broadband data transmission system. The wireless service range of WiMAX can be as far as several kilometers under the condition of maintaining high data traffic in urban areas. Its performance far exceeds the existing wireless network technology. In directional communication connection, the service range can reach 50 km under the condition of maintaining certain data traffic. Due to its extremely high performance, WiMAX technology is considered to be the best backup scheme for DSL UMTS connection.
The integration of WiMAX, 3G, GPS and RFID is moving forward with the active participation of all parties. RFID tag has the characteristics of small volume, large capacity, long service life and reusable. It can support fast reading and writing, non visual identification, mobile identification, multi-target identification, positioning and long-term tracking management. The cost saving and efficiency improvement promote RFID technology to become an important entry point for various industries to realize informatization. They will build a wireless broadband network that can meet the needs of a variety of application environments and generate rich applications, expanding the application field of RFID technology.
Fusion with biometricsBiometric recognition technology is a solution to complete authentication by using automatic technology to measure their physical characteristics or personal behavior characteristics, and comparing these characteristics with the template data in the database. The biometric recognition system captures the samples of biometrics, and the unique features will be extracted and transformed into digital symbols, which are stored as personal feature templates. People interact with the identification system to authenticate their identity to determine whether they match or do not match. At present, the commonly used biometric recognition technologies include fingerprint, palmprint, face, voice, retina, signature recognition and so on.In short, the integration of RFID system with other technologies is imperative, and great achievements have been made. It solves the problem of low data reading rate of RFID system, which will inevitably make RFID technology widely used. Finally, it will go deep as bar code technology and slowly extend to all aspects of various industries, which plays a key role in improving operation efficiency and economic benefits of the industry, so as to promote a new leap in the global economy and have a far-reaching impact on human society.
5 Conclusion
On the whole, the development of RFID system will be better and better in the future. Although there are still some technical and application problems such as low reading rate, we believe that it is not difficult to overcome the current problems of RFID through a series of measures such as optimizing hardware configuration, improving software design, playing the role of middleware and integrating other technologies. Under the strong market orientation, RFID technology will cause a major change all over the world. It will become a new economic growth point in the future, and will eventually become the largest information technology support for the development direction of Chinese enterprises. It can be predicted that in the near future, as a global manufacturing base, China will be the world's largest RFID application market in the future. This will be a rare opportunity for domestic scientific research institutions and enterprises.
At the same time, portable medical equipment can monitor vital signs before sending patients to the hospital, make the heart pacing again, and use ultrasound to check the internal situation of the body. Its goal is to contribute to the development of easy-to-use and interoperable home medical devices, and provide diagnostic data so that patients can obtain insurance compensation, etc
Let's analyze the mechanism and characteristics of portable medical devices, peel them layer by layer, and slowly "sting" our eyes
Block diagram of portable medical equipment:
Jn5148 - ultra low power consumption, high performance 32-bit MCU combined with IEEE802.15.4 compliant transceiver, supporting ZigBee & Jennet
For low-power wireless network applications, it has an enhanced 32-bit RISC processor to achieve high coding efficiency through variable width instructions; A multi-level instruction pipeline realizes low-power operation through programmable clock speed and various sleep modes. The device includes 128 KB ROM, 128 KB ram and various combinations of analog and digital peripherals. At the same time, the working current is less than 18 Ma, allowing it to work directly through the button battery... It is also extremely suitable for ZigBee Pro Network and intelligent metering
Advantages and features:
1. First class radio current consumption and a wide range of user peripherals
2. Adopt multi-functional 32-bit RISC CPU to realize high performance and low power consumption, and can run applications and ZigBee pro at the same time
3. The system BOM has few components, low cost and very low current, which can realize the solution of ultra long battery life
It can compensate for various changes, such as the change of humidity or pollution degree on the electrode. At the same time, it can detect the change of capacitance on the remote sensing board, so as to realize close operation without contact.
Pca8885ts - 8-channel capacitive touch and proximity sensor with automatic calibration and very low power consumption.
An 8-channel capacitive touch and proximity sensor detects capacitance changes on the remote sensing panel using the patented (edisen) method. The change of static capacitance is automatically compensated by continuous automatic calibration. The remote sensing panel can be connected to the IC through coaxial cable. 8 input channels work independently of each other. The sensors can also be arranged in a matrix through built-in options: interruption occurs only when two channels are activated at the same time, so as to prevent redundant channel output when both channels have been activated
Advantages and features:
1. Support matrix array sensor and remote connection of sensing plate
2. Adjustable response time and sensitivity (continuous automatic calibration, digital processing method, can be used with plexiglass with a maximum thickness of 6 mm)
3. Direct and latch switch mode, I C ultra fast mode (FM ) compatible interface
Pcf85063a - micro encapsulated real-time clock / calendar with alarm function and SPI bus
A CMOS real-time clock (RTC) and calendar, most suitable for low-power applications. The offset register allows fine adjustment of the clock. All addresses and data can be bi-directional I through two lines C bus serial transmission. The maximum data rate is 400 kbit / s. The register address will be automatically incremented after each write or read of data bytes... It is also suitable for various digital products and mobile devices
Advantages and features:
1. 400 kHz double line I Programmable clock output of C bus interface and peripheral devices
2. Alarm function, countdown timer, minute and half minute interrupt
3. Internal power on reset (POR), programmable offset register for frequency adjustment
Accurate and reliable, long-term stability, positive temperature coefficient and fault protection characteristics
PCT2075-I C bus FM , accuracy 1 , digital temperature sensor and temperature monitor
The accuracy is 1 C in the temperature range of 25 C to 100 C. Provide over temperature detection output and integrate a series of data registers: configuration register for memory device setting; A temperature register for storing digital temperature readings; Set point register for storing programmable over temperature shutdown and hysteresis limits and programmable temperature sensor sampling time tidle, which can be accessed through two-wire serial I The bus ultra fast mode (FM ) interface communicates with the controller
Advantages and features:
1. 1 MHz ultra fast mode (FM ) 30 Ma SDA driver can connect more devices on one bus, and is downward compatible with fast mode and standard mode
2. It has programmable temperature threshold and hysteresis set point during operation, and the power supply current is less than 1.0 in off mode A. It can save electric energy
3. When powered on, it can be used alone as a thermostat, an 11 bit ADC with a temperature resolution of 0.125 C
Pca6408a - low voltage, 8-bit I with interrupt output, reset and configuration registers C bus and SMBus I / O extender
Pass I C bus interface provides remote I / O expansion for most microcontroller series. When additional I / O is required while minimizing interconnection, NXP I / O expander provides a simple solution and has built-in level switching function, which makes these devices extremely flexible in a mixed signal environment where incompatible I / O voltages need to communicate
Advantages and features:
1. The latch output has a maximum driving capacity of 25 mA, which is used to directly drive the LED
2. Schmidt trigger operation allows slow input transition on SCL and SDA inputs and brings better switching noise immunity
3. When powered on, make all channels configured as input without pulse interference
Tfa9881uk - 3.4 w PDM input class D audio amplifier
Using 9 bumps WLCSP (wafer level chip package), with 400 M to receive audio and control settings through this interface. The dedicated silent mode is used to configure the control settings of the device, turn off the transition to the working mode, and trigger when the clock signal is detected... It is also extremely suitable for portable navigation devices, mobile phones and computers
Advantages and features:
1. The second-order closed-loop structure provides excellent audio performance and high supply voltage ripple suppression
2. It can completely prevent short circuit at both ends of the load and short circuit with the power line
3. Current limit that can avoid sound leakage, thermal protection function, undervoltage and overvoltage protection
2n7002bk - 60 V, 350 Ma n-channel trench MOSFET
N-channel enhanced field effect transistor (FET) is packaged with small SOT23 (to-236ab) surface mount device (SMD) with MOSFET technology. It has ESD protection up to 2 kV, compatible logic level and very fast switching. At the same time, it is especially suitable for: high-speed line driver and on-off circuit
Discrete semiconductor, DC / DC converter, LDOS
Ip3319cx6 - single channel common mode filter with integrated ESD protection network
Logic gate, data selector, GPIO, analog switch, LED controller, LCD driver, LED diode
Bza408b - Quadruple bidirectional ESD transient voltage suppressor
Today, many consumer medical devices simply display health monitoring results, leaving interpretation and recording to end users and their doctors. The new equipment can automatically record and transmit results through network connection.
At the same time, medical devices that help consumers have the following characteristics: simple and easy to use, highly reliable, safe, convenient connection, low power consumption (long battery life), support for a variety of voltages (especially low voltage), high measurement accuracy, small size, high cost performance
With so many advantages, so broad prospects and so practical performance, I believe no one can resist the naked Temptation
Do not forget the original heart, we can always... If you have thoughts, there will be repercussions
Application of DICOM standard in portable medical equipment1 IntroductionRadio frequency refers to the electromagnetic wave with a certain wavelength that can be used for radio communication. Radio frequency identification technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology rising in the 1990s. It uses the transmission characteristics of radio frequency signal and spatial coupling (inductive or electromagnetic coupling) or radar reflection to realize the automatic identification of the identified object. However, at present, there are still many bottlenecks in the development of RFID, and the low data reading rate is one of the main bottlenecks.
This paper will analyze the RFID system by introducing the basic composition and working principle of the RFID system. Combined with the problems encountered in the practical application of RFID system and the reasons for the low reading rate of the system due to the blind area in the reading range of readers, redundant data in different reading points, mutual interference of readers and other factors, this paper puts forward from the following aspects: reasonably optimizing the hardware configuration, perfecting the software design Play the role of middleware and integrate other technologies to improve the data reading rate of RFID system.
2. Basic composition of RFID systemRFID system at least consists of electronic tag (e-tag / transponder, also known as smart tag) and reader (reader / interleaver, also known as reader / writer).Electronic tag is the data carrier of RFID system. Electronic tag is composed of tag antenna and tag special chip. Electronic tags are divided into active tag, passive tag and semi passive tag according to different power supply modes; It can be divided into low-frequency electronic tag, high-frequency electronic tag, UHF electronic tag and microwave electronic tag according to different frequencies; It is divided into * label, linear label, paper label, glass tube label, circular label and special-purpose special-shaped label according to different packaging forms; According to their different working modes, they are divided into active tags and passive tags.
Reader is a device used to read or write electronic tag information. It can be designed into many kinds of products according to specific use environment and requirements. The reader communicates with the electronic tag wirelessly through the antenna, which can read or write the electronic tag identification code and memory data.A typical reader consists of a high frequency module (transmitter and receiver), a control unit, and a reader antenna. Of course, RFID system needs the support of computer and other hardware equipment and software in practical application. Figure 1 shows the composition of a typical RFID system.3 basic model of RFID system
The basic model of RFID system is shown in Figure 2. As the radio frequency carrier, the electronic tag and the reader realize the spatial (contactless) coupling of the radio frequency signal through the coupling element. In the coupling channel, the energy transmission and data exchange are realized according to the timing relationship.Discussion on reading rate of RFID systemThrough the introduction of RFID system, we believe that the main reasons for the low reading rate of RFID system are: there are blind areas in the reading range of readers, redundant data in different reading points, mutual interference of readers, etc. In view of the above problems, we discuss them from the following four aspects.
4.1 reasonably optimize hardware configurationIn terms of hardware, we must first clarify a problem. That's what you really need. Don't blindly think that "the price is expensive, the larger the reading range and the higher the frequency, the better". It is the so-called "tailor-made" that "what suits you" is the best. Based on this understanding, you can choose hardware devices that meet the actual needs.
At the same time, consider all RFID tags and readers as a complete "data network", so as to reasonably optimize the hardware configuration, so as to maximize the efficiency of the whole system. Taking the access control system as an example, in order to prevent the blind area in the reading range of the reader, resulting in missing reading, the number of readers or antennas can be increased to compensate for the defect of blind area in the reading range of the reader; In order to prevent mutual interference between readers, the method of relatively isolating readers or antennas in space can be adopted to avoid mutual interference. In addition, according to the actual needs, the data reading rate of RFID system can also be improved by properly adjusting the antenna layout and antenna transmission power.
4.2 improve software designAt present, the hardware facilities of the optimized RFID system can basically meet the needs of data reading rate. With the decline of reader price, end users can easily deploy a large number of readers in their application sites, which not only solves the problem of missing reading, but also obtains more useful information from these systems. But the new problem is: redundant data reading or cross data reading. A simple description of this problem is that "a tag that should not be read in a certain position is read by a reader that should not read this tag".The core of LV positioning logic is based on "picking out the required readout data from the spatial location and filtering out the unnecessary readout data". The result is that the correct and accurate tag position is extracted from the results obtained by all RFID readers. In short, LV positioning logic is a software algorithm based on eliminating "redundant" readout data according to the data set resident in the whole reader system. Colorwave algorithm gives a good solution to the conflict between multiple readers due to overlapping work ranges.
For electronic tag collision, in the high frequency band, the classical ALOHA protocol is generally used as the tag anti-collision algorithm. The tag of ALOHA protocol is used to avoid conflict by selecting the method of transmitting information to the reader after a random time; In UHF band, tree bifurcation algorithm is mainly used to avoid conflict. In addition, other optimization settings can be made for the software. For example, in the e-ticket system, the scanning time interval of the reader can be designed by software to adaptively adjust the scanning time. In case of large traffic, the scanning frequency of the reader can be accelerated through software control to prevent missing reading; In the case of less traffic, the scanning frequency can be relatively reduced, so as to avoid the emergence of redundant data.
4.3 play the role of MiddlewareRFID middleware is the nerve center in various RFID industrial applications. RFID middleware is a message oriented middleware (MOM). Information is transmitted from one program to another or more programs in the form of messages. RFID middleware plays an intermediary role between RFID tags and applications. From the application side, it uses a set of general application program interfaces (APIs) provided by the middleware, that is, it can connect to the reader and read tag data.Therefore, even if the database software or back-end application program storing RFID tag information is added or replaced by other software, or even the type of RFID reader is increased, the application end does not need to be modified. This not only effectively solves the problem of data reading rate, but also saves other problems such as the maintenance complexity of many to many connections. RFID middleware will have very good development prospects in service-oriented architecture (SOA) and business information security applications in the future.
4.4 integration of other technologiesIntegration with sensor technologyIn the next few years, an important application trend of RFID is the equipment that combines RFID with sensors (such as sensors for measuring temperature and pressure). At present, it has been implemented abroad. Because RFID has poor anti-interference and the effective distance is generally less than 10m, its application is limited. Combining WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) with RFID and using the effective radius of the former up to 100m to form wsid network will greatly make up for the shortcomings of RFID system itself.
Integration with WiMAX, 3G, GPS and other communication technologiesWiMax (global interoperability for microwave access) is simply defined as a wireless broadband data transmission system. The wireless service range of WiMAX can be as far as several kilometers under the condition of maintaining high data traffic in urban areas. Its performance far exceeds the existing wireless network technology. In directional communication connection, the service range can reach 50 km under the condition of maintaining certain data traffic. Due to its extremely high performance, WiMAX technology is considered to be the best backup scheme for DSL UMTS connection.
The integration of WiMAX, 3G, GPS and RFID is moving forward with the active participation of all parties. RFID tag has the characteristics of small volume, large capacity, long service life and reusable. It can support fast reading and writing, non visual identification, mobile identification, multi-target identification, positioning and long-term tracking management. The cost saving and efficiency improvement promote RFID technology to become an important entry point for various industries to realize informatization. They will build a wireless broadband network that can meet the needs of a variety of application environments and generate rich applications, expanding the application field of RFID technology.
Fusion with biometricsBiometric recognition technology is a solution to complete authentication by using automatic technology to measure their physical characteristics or personal behavior characteristics, and comparing these characteristics with the template data in the database. The biometric recognition system captures the samples of biometrics, and the unique features will be extracted and transformed into digital symbols, which are stored as personal feature templates. People interact with the identification system to authenticate their identity to determine whether they match or do not match. At present, the commonly used biometric recognition technologies include fingerprint, palmprint, face, voice, retina, signature recognition and so on.In short, the integration of RFID system with other technologies is imperative, and great achievements have been made. It solves the problem of low data reading rate of RFID system, which will inevitably make RFID technology widely used. Finally, it will go deep as bar code technology and slowly extend to all aspects of various industries, which plays a key role in improving operation efficiency and economic benefits of the industry, so as to promote a new leap in the global economy and have a far-reaching impact on human society.
5 Conclusion
On the whole, the development of RFID system will be better and better in the future. Although there are still some technical and application problems such as low reading rate, we believe that it is not difficult to overcome the current problems of RFID through a series of measures such as optimizing hardware configuration, improving software design, playing the role of middleware and integrating other technologies. Under the strong market orientation, RFID technology will cause a major change all over the world. It will become a new economic growth point in the future, and will eventually become the largest information technology support for the development direction of Chinese enterprises. It can be predicted that in the near future, as a global manufacturing base, China will be the world's largest RFID application market in the future. This will be a rare opportunity for domestic scientific research institutions and enterprises.
